See οὐρανός in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Ouranía",
"word": "Οὐρανία"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ouránios",
"word": "οὐράνιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ourănĭ́skos",
"word": "οὐρᾰνῐ́σκος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Ouraníōnes",
"word": "Οὐρανίωνες"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ouranóthen",
"word": "οὐρανόθεν"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ouranóthi",
"word": "οὐρανόθι"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Ouranós",
"word": "Οὐρανός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ouranoskópos",
"word": "οὐρανοσκόπος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ourănoûkhos",
"word": "οὐρᾰνοῦχος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ouranóphi",
"word": "οὐρανόφι"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ouranóō",
"word": "οὐρανόω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "huperourắnĭos",
"word": "ὑπερουρᾰ́νῐος"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "ουρανός"
},
"expansion": "Greek: ουρανός (ouranós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: ουρανός (ouranós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-mar",
"2": "урано́с",
"3": "урано́"
},
"expansion": "Mariupol Greek: урано́с (uranós), урано́ (uranó)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mariupol Greek: урано́с (uranós), урано́ (uranó)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₁worseye-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁worseye-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वर्षति",
"t": "it rains"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वर्षति (varṣati, “it rains”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wers-",
"t": "to rise, protrude"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wers- (“to rise, protrude”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "viršùs",
"t": "top, upper"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian viršùs (“top, upper”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वर्ष्मन्",
"t": "height, top"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वर्ष्मन् (varṣman, “height, top”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁wer-",
"t": "broad"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁wer- (“broad”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वरुण",
"t": "sea god",
"tr": "váruṇa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वरुण (váruṇa, “sea god”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "qsb-grc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of disputed origin, with multiple theories proposed:\n* Perhaps from an older *(ϝ)ορσανός (*(w)orsanós), which may be related to Proto-Indo-European *h₁worseye-, from *h₁wers- (“rain”) (compare Sanskrit वर्षति (varṣati, “it rains”). Beekes appears to favor this derivation.\n* From Proto-Indo-European *wers- (“to rise, protrude”), and compared to Lithuanian viršùs (“top, upper”), Sanskrit वर्ष्मन् (varṣman, “height, top”). This is not favored by Beekes.\n* From Proto-Indo-European *h₁wer- (“broad”), and compared with Sanskrit वरुण (váruṇa, “sea god”) and अर्णव (arṇava, “ocean”). This is categorically rejected by Beekes.\n* Based on the infix -αν- (-an-), which is difficult to explain as an old Indo-European formation, perhaps Pre-Greek; however, as the sky was very important to Indo-European groups, it is unlikely that a non-Indo-European formation for \"sky\" would become the dominant word in an Indo-European language.\nA folk etymology advanced by Aristotle interpreted it as ὅρος (hóros, “limit”) and ἄνω (ánō, “up”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "οὐρᾰνός",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ourănós",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "οὐρᾰνοῦ",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ οὐρᾰνός",
"roman": "ho ourănós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ οὐρᾰνώ",
"roman": "tṑ ourănṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ οὐρᾰνοί",
"roman": "hoi ourănoí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ οὐρᾰνοῦ",
"roman": "toû ourănoû",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν οὐρᾰνοῖν",
"roman": "toîn ourănoîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν οὐρᾰνῶν",
"roman": "tôn ourănôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ οὐρᾰνῷ",
"roman": "tôi ourănôi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν οὐρᾰνοῖν",
"roman": "toîn ourănoîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς οὐρᾰνοῖς",
"roman": "toîs ourănoîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν οὐρᾰνόν",
"roman": "tòn ourănón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ οὐρᾰνώ",
"roman": "tṑ ourănṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς οὐρᾰνούς",
"roman": "toùs ourănoús",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "οὐρᾰνέ",
"roman": "ourăné",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "οὐρᾰνώ",
"roman": "ourănṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "οὐρᾰνοί",
"roman": "ourănoí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ὄρᾰνος",
"roman": "órănos",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ὠρᾰνός",
"roman": "ōrănós",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "οὐρᾰνοῦ",
"2": "m",
"3": "second",
"head": "οὐρᾰνός"
},
"expansion": "οὐρᾰνός • (ourănós) m (genitive οὐρᾰνοῦ); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "οὐρᾰνός",
"2": "οὐρᾰνοῦ",
"notes": "Classical authors did not use the plural forms, which are not seen until later Greek, especially in Christian writings such as the New Testament."
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 29 28 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 24 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 31 31 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the vaulted sky, on which the stars were attached and the sun traveled: sky, heaven"
],
"id": "en-οὐρανός-grc-noun-U7JjFoU6",
"links": [
[
"vaulted",
"vaulted"
],
[
"sky",
"sky"
],
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 29 28 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 24 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 31 31 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 37 28 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the region above this vault, the home of the gods"
],
"id": "en-οὐρανός-grc-noun-RVlbPjL6"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Philosophy",
"orig": "grc:Philosophy",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 29 28 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 24 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 31 31 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the universe"
],
"id": "en-οὐρανός-grc-noun-3uKG9Yu1",
"links": [
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
],
[
"universe",
"Universe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(philosophy) the universe"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 29 28 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 24 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 31 31 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"anything shaped like the sky: vaulted ceiling, tent"
],
"id": "en-οὐρανός-grc-noun-nzlkTntq",
"links": [
[
"vaulted",
"vaulted"
],
[
"tent",
"tent"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/uː.ra.nós/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u.raˈnos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u.raˈnos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/uː.ra.nós/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/u.raˈnos/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/u.raˈnos/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/u.raˈnos/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/u.raˈnos/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Aristotle"
],
"word": "οὐρανός"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Ouranía",
"word": "Οὐρανία"
},
{
"roman": "ouránios",
"word": "οὐράνιος"
},
{
"roman": "ourănĭ́skos",
"word": "οὐρᾰνῐ́σκος"
},
{
"roman": "Ouraníōnes",
"word": "Οὐρανίωνες"
},
{
"roman": "ouranóthen",
"word": "οὐρανόθεν"
},
{
"roman": "ouranóthi",
"word": "οὐρανόθι"
},
{
"roman": "Ouranós",
"word": "Οὐρανός"
},
{
"roman": "ouranoskópos",
"word": "οὐρανοσκόπος"
},
{
"roman": "ourănoûkhos",
"word": "οὐρᾰνοῦχος"
},
{
"roman": "ouranóphi",
"word": "οὐρανόφι"
},
{
"roman": "ouranóō",
"word": "οὐρανόω"
},
{
"roman": "huperourắnĭos",
"word": "ὑπερουρᾰ́νῐος"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "ουρανός"
},
"expansion": "Greek: ουρανός (ouranós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: ουρανός (ouranós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-mar",
"2": "урано́с",
"3": "урано́"
},
"expansion": "Mariupol Greek: урано́с (uranós), урано́ (uranó)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mariupol Greek: урано́с (uranós), урано́ (uranó)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₁worseye-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁worseye-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वर्षति",
"t": "it rains"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वर्षति (varṣati, “it rains”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wers-",
"t": "to rise, protrude"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wers- (“to rise, protrude”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "viršùs",
"t": "top, upper"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian viršùs (“top, upper”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वर्ष्मन्",
"t": "height, top"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वर्ष्मन् (varṣman, “height, top”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁wer-",
"t": "broad"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁wer- (“broad”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वरुण",
"t": "sea god",
"tr": "váruṇa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वरुण (váruṇa, “sea god”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "qsb-grc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of disputed origin, with multiple theories proposed:\n* Perhaps from an older *(ϝ)ορσανός (*(w)orsanós), which may be related to Proto-Indo-European *h₁worseye-, from *h₁wers- (“rain”) (compare Sanskrit वर्षति (varṣati, “it rains”). Beekes appears to favor this derivation.\n* From Proto-Indo-European *wers- (“to rise, protrude”), and compared to Lithuanian viršùs (“top, upper”), Sanskrit वर्ष्मन् (varṣman, “height, top”). This is not favored by Beekes.\n* From Proto-Indo-European *h₁wer- (“broad”), and compared with Sanskrit वरुण (váruṇa, “sea god”) and अर्णव (arṇava, “ocean”). This is categorically rejected by Beekes.\n* Based on the infix -αν- (-an-), which is difficult to explain as an old Indo-European formation, perhaps Pre-Greek; however, as the sky was very important to Indo-European groups, it is unlikely that a non-Indo-European formation for \"sky\" would become the dominant word in an Indo-European language.\nA folk etymology advanced by Aristotle interpreted it as ὅρος (hóros, “limit”) and ἄνω (ánō, “up”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "οὐρᾰνός",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ourănós",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "οὐρᾰνοῦ",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ οὐρᾰνός",
"roman": "ho ourănós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ οὐρᾰνώ",
"roman": "tṑ ourănṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ οὐρᾰνοί",
"roman": "hoi ourănoí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ οὐρᾰνοῦ",
"roman": "toû ourănoû",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν οὐρᾰνοῖν",
"roman": "toîn ourănoîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν οὐρᾰνῶν",
"roman": "tôn ourănôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ οὐρᾰνῷ",
"roman": "tôi ourănôi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν οὐρᾰνοῖν",
"roman": "toîn ourănoîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς οὐρᾰνοῖς",
"roman": "toîs ourănoîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν οὐρᾰνόν",
"roman": "tòn ourănón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ οὐρᾰνώ",
"roman": "tṑ ourănṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς οὐρᾰνούς",
"roman": "toùs ourănoús",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "οὐρᾰνέ",
"roman": "ourăné",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "οὐρᾰνώ",
"roman": "ourănṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "οὐρᾰνοί",
"roman": "ourănoí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ὄρᾰνος",
"roman": "órănos",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ὠρᾰνός",
"roman": "ōrănós",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "οὐρᾰνοῦ",
"2": "m",
"3": "second",
"head": "οὐρᾰνός"
},
"expansion": "οὐρᾰνός • (ourănós) m (genitive οὐρᾰνοῦ); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "οὐρᾰνός",
"2": "οὐρᾰνοῦ",
"notes": "Classical authors did not use the plural forms, which are not seen until later Greek, especially in Christian writings such as the New Testament."
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the vaulted sky, on which the stars were attached and the sun traveled: sky, heaven"
],
"links": [
[
"vaulted",
"vaulted"
],
[
"sky",
"sky"
],
[
"heaven",
"heaven"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the region above this vault, the home of the gods"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"grc:Philosophy"
],
"glosses": [
"the universe"
],
"links": [
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
],
[
"universe",
"Universe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(philosophy) the universe"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"anything shaped like the sky: vaulted ceiling, tent"
],
"links": [
[
"vaulted",
"vaulted"
],
[
"tent",
"tent"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/uː.ra.nós/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u.raˈnos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u.raˈnos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/uː.ra.nós/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/u.raˈnos/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/u.raˈnos/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/u.raˈnos/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/u.raˈnos/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Aristotle"
],
"word": "οὐρανός"
}
Download raw JSONL data for οὐρανός meaning in Ancient Greek (7.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (ce0be54 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.